Autor: Lopez Lauenstein, Diego; Verga, Anibal

The domestication of native forest species has acquired renewed relevance in the context of global change, characterized by high levels of environmental, social and economic uncertainty.

In the Anthropocene, forest systems are simultaneously affected by climate change, land-use change, biodiversity loss and an increasing incidence of biotic and abiotic disturbances, challenging traditional approaches to conservation, management and production. This document proposes an integrative perspective on the domestication of native forest species, understood not as a process aimed at maximizing short-term productive performance, but as a deliberate strategy for managing population-level genetic diversity in order to build resilience under uncertain future scenarios. It emphasizes the central role of intraspecific genetic diversity and populations as units of adaptation, highlighting that conservation and domestication should be conceived as dynamic and complementary processes. The ethical, legal, cultural and collective dimensions of domestication are also addressed, recognizing the intrinsic value of forest genetic resources, the role of Indigenous Peoples and local communities, and the need for interdisciplinary approaches and collaborative networks. Finally, the document frames these arguments within the Global Plan of Action for Forest Genetic Resources, proposing strategic orientations towards 2050 that integrate conservation, sustainable use and domestication as key pillars for the construction of more resilient, equitable and sustainable futures.

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